From: Taos Daily & Horse Fly

Iraq and Tonkin

America has become an occupying power in Iraq using the same methods and thinking as when we got bogged down in Vietnam. The 2002 Congressional authorization for the U.S. attack on Iraq has much in common with the action taken by Congress in 1964, when it passed the Tonkin Gulf Resolution that gave President Johnson a blank check leading to the Americanization of the war in Vietnam.

Both Presidents Bush and Johnson misled the public and Congress to get resolutions passed that authorized them to wage undeclared wars. Johnson claimed an unprovoked attack on an American destroyer, the Maddox. Bush linked Saddam Hussein with the 9/11 attack and claimed Hussein posed a direct threat to our security.

From the grunt’s point of view, the U.S. is repeating its history of presidents getting us involved in undeclared and protracted wars. If we are to learn any lessons from our past wars, the Tonkin Gulf Resolution is a good place to start.

Johnson withheld information from Congress about the Tonkin Gulf incident to get a free hand. The resolution authorized the president to use force to assist South Vietnam. President Johnson got his resolution by not fully informing Congress and by misrepresenting the facts. Let’s start with the facts.

On Aug. 2, 1964, the U.S. destroyer Maddox was attacked by North Vietnamese torpedo boats, resulting in little damage to the destroyer. The following night radar picked up what was believed at the time to be another attack by Vietnamese boats. Later that night, the captain of the Maddox radioed that he believed there might not have been any attack.

The president presented the attacks as unprovoked and as having occurred in international waters. Not disclosed was that the Maddox had been eight miles from shore earlier in the night and that the North Vietnamese claimed a twelve-mile territorial water boundary. Most importantly, the U.S. had been running secret ground raids into the north and bombing North Vietnamese targets. The Maddox had been gathering intelligence and may have been involved in these raids, as the North Vietnamese believed. The attack on the Maddox was not unprovoked, but a response to acts of war committed by the United States. These facts were not disclosed to Congress or the public when seeking the resolution.

Today, we are in Iraq because of a resolution passed by Congress based on misleading information supplied by the Bush administration. After 9/11, the administration decided to invade Iraq without disclosing to the public some of its true motives—oil and geopolitical control of the region. It knew that to ensure the support of the public and Congress for a war, it needed intelligence that linked Hussein to a direct threat against America. A committee called the Office of Special Plans did a good job of cooking intelligence so the administration could justify war. They claimed that Hussein had weapons of mass destruction that he could and would use against the U.S., that he would give his WMDs to other terrorists, and that he had direct links to Al Qaeda and to the attack on 9/11. Furthermore, the Bush administration used manufactured evidence to show that Iraq was buying uranium from Niger for its nuclear weapons program.

President Bush used the same deceptive methods as Johnson in getting Congress to approve the invasion and occupation of Iraq. No stockpiles of weapons of mass destruction have been found. Terrorism is a bigger problem in Iraq now than before the war. Almost all of the reasons used to justify the invasion and occupation of Iraq have proven to be wrong. The only truth to come from the administration is that Hussein was a very bad dictator (whom President Reagan and the first Bush had supported for many years when it suited them). No mention has been made of the oil, except that it would pay for reconstruction of Iraq (which has turned out to not be the case; the U.S. taxpayers are footing the bill).

Congress abdicated its responsibilities by going along with President Bush just as it did in the case of the Tonkin Gulf Resolution. In the case of Iraq, members of the intelligence committees in both houses had information disproving much of the administration’s claims but failed to speak out.

Our problem now is the same one we had in Vietnam: to create a legitimate government from scratch. In the end it all comes down to people dying and our soldiers bleeding while trying to bring stability in an impossible situation.

Monte Doeren served two tours in Vietnam, from 1966-1968, first as a machine-gunner in the infantry and then as a door gunner on Huey gunships and slicks. He was awarded the Purple Heart and Silver Star. He has been a student of military history for 30 years. He resides in Questa.